Collection of COVID-19 Research links and Descriptive Articles/Blogs And Other Items of Interest Noted in our Forum

These are presented in roughly date order with most recent being first.  Some updates have occurred to original postings and where possible order is adjusted. We may not have noticed all updates to previously posted information.   There are many “articles”, “blog posts”, “research summaries” and “research studies” being written and posted online daily, this cannot be an exhaustive list of what is out there. ACB is not responsible for the accuracy of the information presented in these links, these are compiled for information purposes only.

Updates from the National Federation of State High School Associations and the National Association for Music Education happen frequently and are noted below grouped together.

CDC Guidance for Fully Vaccinated People (last update May 28, 2021)

CDC Guidance for Organizing Large Events and Gatherings  (updated routinely, last noted update May 20, 2021)

CDC Guidance for Considerations for Community-Based Organizations (updated routinely, last noted update April 19, 2021 )

• See section entitles "Meetings, Gatherings, and Performances"  for recommendations on Musical Performances.

Other links

• Respiratory Aerosol Emissions from Vocalization: Age and Sex Differences Are Explained by Volume and Exhaled CO2
  Nicholas Good, Kristen M. Fedak, Dan Goble, Amy Keisling, Christian L’Orange, Emily Morton, Rebecca Phillips, Ky Tanner, and John Volckens*
  Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. November 9, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00760

• Reducing Bioaerosol Emissions and Exposures in the Performing Arts: A Scientific Roadmap for a Safe Return from COVID19  (updated May 21, 2021)  https://smtd.colostate.edu/reducing-bioaerosol-emissions-and-exposures-in-the-performing-arts/
• NASM Webinar Presentation of the Round 3 Updates from CSU: https://nasm.arts-accredit.org/leadership/informed-decision-making/#bioaerosol
• Return to Music: Phase II Guidance and Resources from NAfME and NFHS (released May 10, 2021, linked May 11, 2021)
• NAfME link: https://nafme.org/my-classroom/nafme-and-nfhs-return-to-music-guidance-phase-ii-may-2021
• NFHS link: https://www.nfhs.org/articles/return-to-music-resources-helping-teachers-administrators-students/
• Konzerthaus Dortmund Study on Aerosols in Concert Halls (linked February 24, 2021) https://newsletter.konzerthaus-dortmund.de/Pressemails/2020-21/Pressemitteilung/2021.01.12_Press-release_results-Aerosol-andCO2-measurements-at-Konzerthaus-Dortmund.pdf
• JW Pepper webinar "Copyright for Virtual Concerts: What You Can and Cannot Do" (On October 1, 2020)  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLOLpPFlPQc   

• National Federation of State High School Associations and the National Association for Music Education. Preliminary Results on "

  Performing Arts Aerosol Study"  released on July 13, 2020:  We are linking to the website rather than the PDF has been requested as changes will be posted there as well as the disclaimers about what has been released so far.  https://www.nfhs.org/articles/unprecedented-international-coalition-led-by-performing-arts-organizations-to-commission-covid-19-study ( (see below for information and timing of updates)) 

• COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies for Percussion - Short Video (April 30th) - study website  and https://youtu.be/PgvTGNGfjTY
• COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies for Wind Instruments - Short Video (April 21st) - study website  and https://youtu.be/u46GJAnpZ7k
• Scientific Study Prepress Paper (40+ Pages) (April 15th)- study website
• "Band Practice in the Age of COVID-19" - article from the Wall Street Journal (April 14th) - study website and https://www.wsj.com/articles/band-practice-in-the-age-of-covid-19-11618401621
• Safer Schools and Campuses: U.S. Department of Education Clearinghouse for Best Practices for Music Education Submission Template (April 14th)-  study website 
• Considerations for In-person Music Education and Performing Arts Activities -Released on April 7, 2021 and included in press release on April 14, 2021 - study website -  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHYRM-MRcwQ 
• Updated Statement on United States CDC Distancing Guidance (March 19th) -  study website
• Round 3 Preliminary Results released on November 13th.   study website
• They also added  a "Video Conversation of Results (with Lead Researchers and Co-Chairs)" and "Let's Talk About Transmission (Video)" with this release.
• Round 2 Preliminary Results released on August 6th.   study website
• Live Video was also made available to explain these results at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qi4x5HDqWqs on August 6th - there are some audio issues in the live broadcast and they corrected for them and posted at https://youtu.be/u8JgK-vA8Qc  (posted here Aug 7, 2020).
• The Event Safety Alliance Reopening Guide https://www.eventsafetyalliance.org/esa-reopening-guide (linked in forum July 21, 2020)

• The Flying Baton Podcast "#12 CU Boulder Study Explained! With Tehya Stockman!!" https://www.theflyingbaton.com/episodes/12-cu-boulder-study-explained-with-tehya-stockman  (July 18, 2020)

• ASHRAE resource relating to HVAC systems https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/resources (linked July 13, 2020)

•  Kähler and Hain "Singing in choirs and making music with wind instruments ‒ Is that safe during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?" https://www.unibw.de/lrt7-en/making_music_during_the_sars-cov-2_pandemic.pdf  (linked July 9, 2020)

• National Federation of State High School Associations and the National Association for Music Education. "Fall 2020 Guidance for Music Education"  https://www.nfhs.org/media/3812371/nafme_nfhs-guidance-for-fall-2020-review-june-19-2020-final.pdf (June 19, 2020)

• "Should My Child Go Back to Band Class?" https://www.amromusic.com/amro-blog/posts/should-my-child-go-back-to-band-class (June 13, 2020)

• Norman Lebrecht for SlippedDisc  "A Full Assessment Of The Covid Risk Of Playing Wind Instruments" https://slippedisc.com/2020/06/a-full-assessment-of-the-covid-risk-of-playing-wind-instruments/ (June 11, 2020)

• Schwalje and Hoffman "Wind Musicians’ Risk Assessment in the Time of COVID-19" https://trumpetguild.org/content/itg-news/1882-wind-musicians-risk-assessment-in-the-time-of-covid-19 (June 10, 2020)

• “Wind Instruments May Not Be As Contagious As We Thought” https://medium.com/@SixtoFMontesinos/wind-instruments-may-not-be-as-contagious-as-we-thought-b821e590b29a  (May 5, 2020 updated June 11, 2020)

• US Military Academy Band at West Point -  “Army Band COVID-19 Risk Mitigation For Large Groups” https://westpointband.com/westpointmusicresearchcenter/army-band-covid-19-risk-mitigation-for-large-groups.html#.Xtp7F3IF_Wk.email   (June 3, 2020)

• High School Band Director’s National Association “A Blueprint For Viable Instrumental Music Instruction For Teachers, Directors, Administrators And School Systems” https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xwq_fDvWLVFaOrvwVV4zK-X1FVwDlGJE/view?fbclid=IwAR1nUwQDILSecnzeJrPJ5HTETubvW9jODTV-2TlRMu1z67czfoRsa3hAVvc (June 1, 2020)

• Association of Music Administrators of Manitoba (AMAM) and Manitoba Music Educators’ Association (MMEA) -”Recommendations For School Reopening For Music June 1, 2020” https://www.mymmea.ca/research-and-advocacy/2020/6/1/recommendations-for-scschool-reopening-for-music-june-1-2020 (June 1, 2020)

• College Band Directors National Association (CBDNA)- “COVID-19 Response Committee Report.” https://www.cbdna.org/covid19/  (May  21, 2020)

• Spahn and Richter (2020)  from Freiburg Institute for Musicians’ Medicine (FIM), University Medical Center and University of Music Freiburg “Risk Assessment Of A Coronavirus Infection In The Field Of Music” https://www.mh-freiburg.de/fileadmin/Downloads/Allgemeines/engl._Risk_AssessmentCoronaMusicSpahnRichter19.5.2020.pdf  (Update May 19, 2020)

• The Philharmonic Diary “Aerosol emission test: Low risk of infection due to the spread of breathing air from musicians” (Original in German) https://www.wienerphilharmoniker.at/orchester/philharmonisches-tagebuch/year/2020/month/4/blogitemid/1423/page/1/pagesize/20  (May 18, 2020)

• Automated English Translation: https://www.translatetheweb.com/?from=de&to=en&ref=SERP&refd=www.bing.com&dl=en&rr=UC&a=https%3a%2f%2fwww.wienerphilharmoniker.at%2forchester%2fphilharmonisches-tagebuch%2fyear%2f2020%2fmonth%2f4%2fblogitemid%2f1423%2fpage%2f1%2fpagesize%2f20

• The Guardian  “Did singing together spread coronavirus to four choirs?” https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/17/did-singing-together-spread-coronavirus-to-four-choirs (May 17, 2020)

• Scientific American “How Coronavirus Spreads through the Air: What We Know So Far”  - https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-coronavirus-spreads-through-the-air-what-we-know-so-far1/ (May 12, 2020)

• National Association of Teachers of Singing (NATS) webinar, “A Conversation: What Do Science and Data Say About the Near Term Future of Singing” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFl3GsVzj6Q&feature=emb_logo. (May 5, 2020)

• Orchestra Management - “Returning to a “new normality” for #Orchestras during #COVID19 – Recommendations” https://orchestramanagement.wordpress.com/2020/05/04/returning-to-a-new-normality-for-orchestras-during-covid19-recommendations/  (May 4, 2020)

• The Middleclass Artist - “The Post-Covid Concert Hall Catastrophe: Why Audience Attendance is the Least of Our Problems” - https://www.middleclassartist.com/post/the-post-covid-concert-hall-catastrophe-why-audience-attendance-is-the-least-of-our-problems (April 29, 2020)

• National Association of Music Merchants (NAMM), the National Association for Music Education (NAfME) and the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) “Instrument Cleaining Guidelines” https://www.nfhs.org/media/3812221/covid-19-instrument-cleaning-guidelines-pdf.pdf

Other Collections of Articles

• Collection of articles and studies relating to COVID-19 that pertain to the study by an “Unprecedented International Coalition led by Performing Arts Organizations to Commission COVID-19 Study” which ACB is a part of: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/1/folders/1PZ8RF3EytzUWGwfJNpu4fsyXc4E_u2Yi

• More about the study: https://www.nfhs.org/articles/unprecedented-international-coalition-led-by-performing-arts-organizations-to-commission-covid-19-study/

Disclaimer: The views, information, or opinions expressed through these links are solely those of the individuals involved and do not necessarily represent those of the Association of Concert Bands (ACB).  None of the authors or anyone else connected with ACB  in any way whatsoever, can be responsible for your use of the information contained in or linked from these web pages. ACB is not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use of this information. All information in this site is provided "as is", with no guarantee of completeness, accuracy, timeliness or of the results obtained from the use of this information.

Last Update November 15, 2021